The small print
Disclaimer & credits.
Proven Stack summarises published research for healthy adults who train. It is information, not medical advice, and it doesn’t replace a doctor or a registered dietitian.
Caution
Talk to a doctor before taking any supplement if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, under 18, take prescription medication, or have a heart, kidney or liver condition.
Supplements are not tested like medicines. Products can contain ingredients that aren’t on the label, including substances banned in sport. Buy products certified by Informed Sport or NSF Certified for Sport.
We grade ingredients, never brands. Product links on supplement pages may become affiliate links; picks are chosen for form, dose and third-party testing, never for payment. Research changes; each page shows when it was last reviewed.
Photo credits
Photos are used under the Unsplash and Pexels licences.
- creatine: HowToGym on Unsplash
- caffeine: Alin Luna on Unsplash
- protein powder: Alex Saks on Unsplash
- beta alanine: Alex Saks on Unsplash
- sodium bicarbonate: Mehrana Nazari on Unsplash
- dietary nitrate: Ksenia Pixelesse on Unsplash
- bcaa: Supliful - Supplements On Demand on Unsplash
- citrulline: aung swam nyi on Unsplash
- l carnitine: Akshay Chauhan on Unsplash
- glutamine: Maria Kovalets on Unsplash
- hmb: James Yarema on Unsplash
- tribulus: Akbar Tarakai on Pexels
- ashwagandha: Alex Saks on Unsplash
- fenugreek: Marek Ruczaj on Pexels
- d aspartic acid: Jiří Suchý on Unsplash
- zma: Hal Gatewood on Unsplash
- vitamin d: Jon Tyson on Unsplash
- omega 3: Leohoho on Unsplash
- multivitamin: freestocks on Unsplash
- green tea extract: T ed on Unsplash
- cla: Iryna Marienko on Unsplash
- garcinia cambogia: Huey Freeman on Pexels
- raspberry ketones: Mockup Graphics on Unsplash
- collagen: Pesce Huang on Unsplash
- taurine: EasyLife Designs on Unsplash
- tart cherry: Joanna Kosinska on Unsplash
- Home: gym chalk: Daniel Romero on Unsplash
- Home: pills spill: Towfiqu barbhuiya on Unsplash
- Home: lab: Ron Lach on Pexels